Human Resources An Organization - 1424 Words

HUMAN RESOURCES: THEORETICAL – Human Resources include all the actions to recruit the right workers for the business and train them for the job. In the human resources department they work out what level of skills are needed by the workers and how many workers are needed for business. They have to create a positive working environment for the workers to insure that the workers are happy and working well to achieve the business’ goals. They also deal with the conditions of employment and the workers’ salaries. The human resource department’s job is to recruit the best workers for the job, also make sure training is put in place so that the new employee’s know how to work to their full potential and help achieve profits for the business and the business ‘goals. Their job is also to fire workers if they aren’t obeying working procedures and then hiring new workers to replace the old. They also help develop a competitive advantage which includes building the capacity of the com pany so they can offer an exclusive product/service to customers. They try developing strategies for the business and opportunities. MOVIE – In the movie we see that Andy goes for a job interview at the fashion magazine Runway, and soon gets the job. Andy is known as a joke to the business and doesn’t fit the position as she knows nothing about fashion and certainly doesn’t wear the correct outfits. There’s a sense of humour in the human resources as the brought Andy in to have an interview with herShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management And An Organization Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman resource management is a tool in an organization, which focuses on the recruitment, management, and giving direction to the people who work in the organization. Human resource management is a vital component, which deals with issues concerned with people. 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Human: refers to the skilled and unskilled workforce in the organization Resource: refers to limited availability of scarce Management: refers to the process of coordination of human resource in organization to get the best results is calledRead MoreHuman Resource Planning : An Organization1466 Words   |  6 PagesThere are several important reasons of human resource planning that business organisation carry out regardless their size and it is important for the continuity of any business organisation to plan. However, in many business owners may not include human resource planning at the beginning of their business but later realise the importance of human capital and no business can survive without having competitive human capital. 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The Success Of The American Revolution - 1304 Words

American Revolution not only created freedom but also created technological geniuses. The American Revolution was a time period of warfare, for independence between Britain and the thirteen colonies, but it was also the breakthrough for technological advancements that would change American’s life forever. After every war, the development of a country increases. As for the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin influenced and created a huge contribution in his politics, scientifical research, and for his war effort. During the American Revolution Era there was a strong conflict between Britain and the thirteen colonies that was resolved with Franklin’s help. â€Å"Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 17, 1706† (Goldman) into a poor soap and candle making family where Franklin had very little schooling. Being a hard worker, he worked as an apprentice in his brother’s print shop which led him to open his own paper publishing called Pennsylvan ia Gazette at twenty-two. 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Frances’ historical past in the 13 colonies is filled with humiliation and resentment due to their defeat against Great BritainRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution1140 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the beginning of time all organisms have been completing and it has been survival of the fittest. From the founding of Jamestown, Britain was evolving to survive as an empire by establishing colonies that were abused. This lead to The American Revolution which was inevitably arisen from three major problems: power, glory, and greed. These problems were express through many methods such as taxation, war and laws. Since 1660 British Parliament had controlled continental trade and taxes inRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution881 Words   |  4 Pagestotalitarian monarchy of England who continuously taxed them. The American colonies wanted their freedom from England because they no longer had a say in England’s government, but were still forced to follow its laws. 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From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was ableRead MoreRe volution Dbq1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolution was affected before the war commenced.   The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people...This radical change in the principles, sentiments, and affections of the people was the real American Revolution.   Explain the meaning of this 1818 statement by John Adams (referring to the Revolutionary era) and assess its validity. Philosophical words, Once Again In a letter to Hezekiah Niles on February 3rd of 1818 John Adams, once again, spoke his mighty, philosophical wordsRead MoreComparing the French Revolution and the American Revolution Essay example857 Words   |  4 Pages The French and American revolutions are both very significant in the world’s history. The American Revolution happened first, around the last half of the 18th century where the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America, and gained independence from the British Empire. The French revolution on the other hand, was from 1789 until the turn of the century 1799. For the French people this was a period of political and social turmoil. The idea of Enlightenment stuck a large populationRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution wa s the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the newRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the new

Acquaintance Rape Free Essays

string(148) " think that the woman was suggesting or hinting at sex with her attire or actions; whereas, the woman may have no idea that the man feels that way\." Running Head: ACQUAINTANCE RAPE Acquaintance Rape: It Could Happen To Anyone Abstract Anyone can be a victim of acquaintance rape. It does not matter if the victim is male or female, old or young; it can still happen. Just by being at a party full of friends or even going on a date with a significant other, everyone is at risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Acquaintance Rape or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is never the victims fault. There is no possible way to know when or to whom it will happen. Acquaintance Rape: It Could Happen To Anyone We are taught â€Å"don’t get raped†, rather than â€Å"don’t rape. † Rape is defined as an act of sexual intercourse without legal consent (Harrison, 1996, p. ). The word rape is derived from the Latin word rapere, meaning to steal, seize, or carry away (Katz Mazur, 1979, p. 10). There is more than one type of rape; they are all considered rape, but by different standards. For example, acquaintance rape refers to rape by a person known to the victim. Statutory rape means that one of the parties involved is under the â€Å"age of consent†, which varies from the ages of 14 all the way up to 20. Rape by deception is getting the victim to agree under false pretenses. Regardless of which type it may be, it is all considered rape. In America, a rape occurs every six minutes (Keller, 1996, p. 312). Rape is rape, whether it is by a complete stranger or by someone known to the victim. There are some common questions people think about when discussing the topic of rape, such as: How can I tell who is a rapist and who is not? What kinds of people get raped? Do the victims know their attackers or are they strangers? Can men get raped? Are women rapists too? Who is to blame, the victim or the attacker? Is it still rape if I am in a relationship with the person? Why are women the weaker or ‘safer’ target? Is rape justifiable? Do they deserve it? How can we eliminate rape? Unfortunately, there is no way to tell who is a rapist and who is not just by looking at the person. It could be a boyfriend, a teacher, a friend, a classmate, or even just someone who lives next door. Even though there is no way to physically determine who is a rapist and who is not, there are certain behaviors that they portray that can make it easier to spot them. One of the main goals of the attacker is to increase the victim’s vulnerability. If the victim is vulnerable then she will be easier to control. The attackers use the vulnerability to their advantage; they may manipulate the victim to be alone with them, in which case it would be easier to rape them. Because of her personal relationship with the attacker, however casual, it often takes a woman longer to perceive an action as rape when it involved a man she knows than it does when a stranger assaults her. Acquaintance rape could happen to anyone. There is not a certain type of person that gets raped. Many people believe that women who wear provocative, or revealing, attire or women that are a â€Å"tease† are more likely to get raped than people who dress and act more modestly. A â€Å"tease†, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, means to tantalize especially by arousing desire or curiosity often without intending to satisfy it. But the truth is, it does not matter what the victim is wearing or the manner in which they are acting it can still happen. When most people hear the word rape, it is believed to be by a big guy in an alley that is going to rape and beat them. Just by going to a friend’s house or going to a party surrounded by peers there is a greater risk of getting raped there than by a random stranger on the street. Most acquaintance rapes happen on college campuses, thirty-eight percent of women who had been raped were between the ages of 14 and 17 at the time of their assaults (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 117). In a survey of 32 college campuses, 1 in 4 women surveyed were victims of rape or attempted rape. Of those raped, eighty-four percent knew their attacker (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 11). Men and women are four times more likely to get raped by someone they know rather than a stranger. Seventy to eighty percent of rape crimes are acquaintance rapes (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 2). Many people do not believe that men can get raped, or that women could be rapists. Usually men are raped by other men, but there are some instances where women do rape men. Women rape children more than grown men. It has been calculated that approximately ten percent of victims going to rape centers are males even though men are far less likely to actually seek help or even admit it was rape (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 98). But men are not immune, sixteen percent of male college students admit to having been forced into rape (Keller, 1996, p. 312). Most of the time when men are raped, it is by people they do not know in order to establish power and masculinity when there is no other way to express power (Hopkins, 1984, p. 46). Ninety-eight point seven percent of all rapists are male, but of those only eighty percent are over the age of 21 (Harrison, 1996). But men can still be raped by people know to them also. Most male rapes are heterosexual rapes. When men rape it is because they are trying to establish dominance. Rape is not the unleashing of male desire; it is rather the articulation of male meaning (Hopkins, 1984, p. 42). In acquaintance rapes, many people believe that since the attacker is known to the victim then is not really considered rape. Many acquaintance rapes happen because of miscommunication. The man may think that the woman was suggesting or hinting at sex with her attire or actions; whereas, the woman may have no idea that the man feels that way. You read "Acquaintance Rape" in category "Essay examples" It is not the victim that causes the rape (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 22). Many people believe that the women could have prevented the rape if they knew who the attacker was. The truth is there is no way to determine who is going to get raped; only the attacker knows. Most people have a â€Å"gut feeling† when it comes to new people, and many just push it aside until something bad happens, and then the feeling comes back again. If a woman goes on a date or is with friends and they get that â€Å"gut feeling† again, then it could possibly end badly. People do not know what is going to happen to them every second of their lives. There is no way to know who it will happen to or when it will occur and by whom. An evening planned with friends could all go awry without any warning. A victim usually doesn’t think that someone they know would even consider raping them. So the attacker is to blame because they are the ones who planned it. In a relationship, if the significant other says ‘no’ it is still considered rape if the attacker proceeds. Most people don’t think that rapes occur between people in a relationship. Men have been taught that women resist sex to avoid looking â€Å"promiscuous† by indulging in casual and indiscriminate sexual relationships. Men think that women will always say â€Å"no† even if they really mean â€Å"yes†; many women want a strong dominant leader, some men take advantage of this. Sex to men can become an addiction which can cause them to thrive after it. Sex may become a need instead of a pleasure. If a man’s main focus is sex then it is easier to rape and not consider it as so. Many men have resorted to using violence to get what they want, and it may not be with any form of weapon, but men are generally larger and stronger than females. Seventy-one percent of rape victims report the use of a weapon (Harrison, 1996). If women have been in an abusive relationship it may be harder to admit it was rape due to the fear they already have towards their partner. After being in an abusive relationship, the woman may become desensitized. Desensitization means to decrease the abnormal fear in (a person) of a situation or object, by exposing him to it either in reality or in his imagination. Once the woman starts to desensitize, it may become easier for the man to rape her because she may not fight back as much because it is the type of behavior she may be used to from the relationship. If the attacker is a former partner then the man may not consider it rape because he is establishing â€Å"old rights†. If the couple had sex in their relationship and then broke up then the man feels that he should still get sex from her. He may not only want to have sex though, he might want a relationship again and think that having sex will mean that she wants him back. He may just be trying to get back at her if she is the one who ended the relationship in the first place. Most women would not have gone back out with the person if they were able to clearly recognize it was rape in the first place (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 64). Eighty-four percent of men who had committed rape said that what they did was â€Å"definitely not rape† (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 90). Women are the â€Å"safer† target for attackers because they are less likely to report the rape, especially if the attacker is known to the victim. There are anywhere between five hundred twenty-five thousand to two million additional rapes are believed to go unreported every year (Harrison, 1996). Women are unknowingly taught to be â€Å"safe† targets. Many women are thought of as passive and weak so that is what they believe, so when a situation arises they do not know what to do. Seven main reactions that victims have which classify them as â€Å"safe† victims are denial, dissociation, self-blame, ignoring the â€Å"little voice†, not fighting back, not reporting the attack, and becoming a victim again (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 54-63). In a study done on acquaintance rape victims forty-two percent of women who were raped said they had sex again with the men who assaulted them (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 63). Acquaintance rape has become more frequent in today’s society. Rapes between men and women who know each other are happening in big cities, small towns, and rural areas. They occur among all ethnic and religious groups, regardless of education or wealth. Many of the rapes are rooted in the social behavior men and women learn (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 35). Society’s attitude is that if a person dresses provocatively or is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, then the victim must endure the consequences of their actions. â€Å"In the majority of rapes, the victim was promiscuous or had a bad reputation (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 45). † When a woman is drinking, even if she is not drunk, some men believe that the rape is justifiable because â€Å"good girls† do not drink. About seventy-five percent of men and at least fifty-five percent of women involved in acquaintance rapes had been drinking or taking drugs just before the attack. Forty-five percent of all reported rapes involved drugs and/or alcohol: sixty-six percent for alcohol, fourteen percent for drugs, and fifteen percent for both drugs and alcohol (Harrison, 1996). Alcohol and drugs can alter the senses. While on drugs there may be hallucinations or black outs, and with alcohol the brain cells start to slow down and vision starts to become impaired. Men take advantage of these effects. If a woman’s vision is impaired then she will not be able to fully see the attacker which means she cannot identify him. If the woman is blacked out she has no way of even knowing what is happening to her and cannot identify the attacker because she has no memory of what happened during the black out. At a bar it is easy to drink too much and not remember anything. Being raped is not something to take lightly, but if the victim cannot remember anything then it will be harder to believe their story. Attackers do not want to be considered â€Å"rapists† but if the victim does not defend themself or say ‘no’ then the attacker does not see it as actual rape. Women under the influence are easier to take advantage of because they will not fight back as much because they may not even know what is happening. Forty percent of men and eighteen percent of women agree that the degree of a woman’s resistance should be the major factor in determining if the rape has occurred (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 6). But with drugs and alcohol a woman may not even be conscious so she would not be able to resist the attack. Research shows that today’s society will go to many lengths to justify rape. Some of these ways are: if the woman invites the man out on the date, the man pays for the date, she dresses â€Å"suggestively† by wearing revealing attire, they go to his place rather than to a movie, or she drinks alcohol or does drugs (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 43). In a study conducted by Martha R. Burt involving 598 Minnesota adults more than fifty percent agreed that if a woman goes to the home or apartment of a man on the first date, then she is implying that she is willing to have sex (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 45). Research shows that men may feel â€Å"led on† or mislead, whereas the woman may not even know that the actions being portrayed as sexual. In Eugene Kanin’s observation, sexually aggressive college men believed that their aggression was justifiable if the woman was â€Å"a tease† (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 45). In a survey of four hundred undergraduate students, fifty percent male and fifty percent female, conducted by Nona J. Barnett showed that seventeen percent of men and four percent of women agreed that when a woman was raped, she was asking for it; also fifty-nine percent of men and thirty-eight percent of women agree that women provoke rape by their appearance or behavior (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 46). Some women may express with their body language, actions, clothing, or words that they are willing to have sex but later on they may change their mind. When a woman agrees to kissing or other sexual touching a man may feel that she is also willing to have sex, even if she never actually says that she does. If a woman is willing to do sexual things a man may feel that she is willing to have sex. One minute she might be saying yes and then the next she might be saying no and pushing him away. A man in the moment may not think anything of her actions and proceed. But if it happens before the partners have intercourse then these â€Å"mixed signals† may make the man angry, especially if he has already become aroused. Some men assume that if the person has had sex with them before then they are willing to have sex every time. Men are not mind readers; if a woman does not want to have sex then she needs to verbally let him know because he will not know any other way. Some people hope that improving the woman’s ability to clearly communicate what she wants will naturally lead men to understand how to proceed with their actions. This leads us to the common question of â€Å"How can we eliminate acquaintance rape? There is no way to entirely eliminate acquaintance rape, but by changing society’s view of â€Å"don’t get raped† rather than â€Å"don’t rape†, then more people would become aware of the issue and help to lessen the number of victims because of the newfound knowledge of the subject. Women are indeed the weaker sex, but with knowledge of the subject it would be easier to be more aware of the possibilities. If more people are aware, then more people will take precautions. If society’s attitude changed, then it would be easier for women to defend themselves. Women can defend themselves by taking karate classes, Tai kwon do, carrying a weapon, or taking self-defense classes. If women knew about acquaintance rape in more detail and knew that society was not against them, then more women would confess to it. Most women do not report this kind of rape, especially if their attacker is known to them. Acquaintance is the most prevalent rape crime today. Seventy to eighty percent of all rape crimes are acquaintance rapes (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 12). One in four women has been raped. A large selection of men and women believe that some women â€Å"deserve to get raped†. Sometimes the attacker may feel that the victim â€Å"deserved it† or were â€Å"asking for it†. In an interview with Shelby Bengston when the question was asked, â€Å"Do you think it is wrong for a person to be raped because he or she went into the house or vehicle of a friend or acquaintance? † Her response was â€Å"I don’t think it is right, but I do think they were asking for it. † In a protest walk against sexual harassment at Princeton University, as the 200 marchers passed in front of several all-male eating clubs, they had cups of beer hurled at them along with cries of â€Å"Go get raped! † (Warshaw Koss, 1988, p. 46). Most people won’t come out and say that people â€Å"deserve† to get raped but if people are getting raped then obviously the attacker feels that the victim â€Å"deserves† it. How do we determine who â€Å"deserves† to be raped? Do we only wish it upon the promiscuous? Or on the people we despise? Who are we to judge if someone should get raped or not. No matter the reason, nobody deserves it. Whether the victim was under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or whether they wear provocative attire every person has rights and deserves to be treated with respect. Rape is violence, not seduction. References Bengston, Shelby. Personal interview. 12 Mar. 012 Harrison, M. (1996). The rape reference: A resource for people at risk. San Diego, Calif. : Excellent Books. Hopkins, J. (1984). Perspectives on rape and sexual assault. London: Harper Row. Katz, S. , Mazur, M. A. (1979). Understanding the rape victim: A synthesis of research findings. New York: Wiley. Kel ler, K. (1996). Date rape: Ultimate issues ed. , p. 312) Student’s Life Application Bible. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. Warshaw, R. , ; Koss, M. P. (1988). I never called it rape: the Ms. Report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape. New York: Harper ; Row. How to cite Acquaintance Rape, Essay examples

Gangs The Need for Rehabilitation in Prison free essay sample

This paper examines a rehabilitation group for prisoners who belonged to gangs. It covers the following: why the group should exists, the steps to formulate the gang, and the actual process of rehabilitation inside prison . There are six major prison gangs: the Neta, the Aryan Brotherhood, the Black Guerrilla Family, the Mexican Mafia, La Nuestra Familia, and the Texas Syndicate(Parry,1999, p.1-4.). Each group has its own recognizable signs, origin, characteristics, propensity for disruptive behavior, and racial makeup. A helper must also recognize rivals and symbols. In culture some actions may be deemed inappropriate and it is the same with gangs (although many people dont even recognize they have offended someone). A helpers first goal should be to grasp an understanding of the gang culture. To help these individuals you must first know of the background and customs of what they have represented for so many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Gangs: The Need for Rehabilitation in Prison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Ban The Klan essays

Ban The Klan essays In 1866 in the town of Pulaski, Tennessee a group of confederate army veterans started a group called the Ku Klux Klan. When this group emerged it caused much controversy on what its real purpose was. Everyone had their own opinion on what its cause was but all it ended up being was a group of confederate army veterans bored with post war Tennessee. The World IQ Encyclopedia defines the Klan as one of several white supremacist organizations started in the southern United States, which dedicated themselves to opposing civil rights for blacks, jews, and other racial, ethnic, social, and religious groups. This movement went on for years having a negative impact on many aspects of peoples lives. The Ku Klux Klan quickly had a global impact after arriving in 1866. With its arrival in the U.S. came the influence on other countries such as: Canada and the United Kingdom to start their own chapters. When Canada first received the Klan there were a numerous amount of people that wanted to join. Memberships rose drastically at first, but out breaks led to members being ridiculed. Memberships later on plunged eventually making the KKK nearly extinct in Canada. The United Kingdom started a similar organization but lack of involvement made it a small movement with no real influence. Although many countries were influenced to start their own movements none of them came in comparison to that of the United States. The Ku Klux Klan had the largest impact on the United States. The KKK Started in Tennessee, but eventually had organizations in almost all major cities in the south. There was a nationwide outbreak in racial violence that got so bad at one point people were referring to them as mobs. There were instances reported of Klan members rioting and taking over cities. When these riots broke out not even the law could control them leaving them to do what they please. They often kidnapped people they had a pr ...

Personal Statement Medical school Essays

Personal Statement Medical school Essays Personal Statement Medical school Paper Personal Statement Medical school Paper A Personal Statement on Why I would like to go to the Medical school. My greatest inspiration to join the medical school comes from my passion and love to restore human health in patients. Since I was a young girl, I have always had interest in medical issues, which have prompted my increased interest in this field over the years. My dream to become a competent and skillful medical practitioner has encouraged me to enroll in the medical school. I would like to be a professionally trained medical practitioner in order to fulfill my career dreams of working in this field. Becoming a competent medical personnel requires one to have the necessary skills and knowledge. Due to this, there is need for me to have the necessary skills and knowledge which makes it very crucial for me to undergo training in a medical school so that I become professionally equipped. Though I have great knowledge on various medical aspects, it is important that I undergo a thorough medical training to get deeper knowledge about what I already know and what I do not know. It is important that all medical practitioners assist the public to become aware of a health-promoting lifestyle great value. In the medical field, the relevant personnel have a great role to restore human health, either through prevention or cure of diseases and disorders. In our society, I have observed people fall sick or acquire disorders due to lack of awareness and ignorance. To correct such mistakes, it is my wish to join the medical school so that I will be able to enlighten people on how to promote good health through the prevention or reduction of actions or behavior that may threaten good health. Educating people will require medical facts, which I will acquire in the medical school. Furthermore, I will be able to empower people to ensure that their health is not put under any risk. Saving lives promotes protection of human rights. Every human being is entitled to the right to live and also live well. Human rights in the world need to be protected, though this right has been violated all over the world. It is ethical that every human life is given the respect and integrity that it requires. By restoring human health, death or suffering of the victims or patients is prevented. I believe in protecting human life and saving it when I’m required to do so. My desire to protect and save human life has inspired me to join the medical school, which will equip me with skills and knowledge necessary to save human life from diseases or injuries that may occur. The medical school offers practical sessions and fieldwork. While theory classes will provide me with proper knowledge, practical sessions will assist me in gaining experience. Practical work will provide me with an opportunity to apply what I have learned in class and will create a deeper understanding of how I should apply what I have learned. A fieldwork course will also offer me a chance to learn from qualified and experienced medical professionals already working in this field. The experience that I will gain will prepare me to become competent before I enter into the field completely. Finally, the medical field is faced with a challenge of inadequate medical personnel. This has created the need to have the number of trained medical professionals increased . It is my desire to ensure people are provided with enough medical personnel I would like to contribute to this joining the medical school.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 6

Assignment Example It involves the selling of a discretionary product which may not be bought by the clients in situations of financial hardships unlike fuel and food stuffs. The products in this nature are heterogeneous and perishable since they best sell only up to the time of departures. Those that are packaged are often inseparable. However, the tour industry is in most cases highly structured with high degrees of specialization in the businesses within it in functions that are driven by the core business. Its structure is largely a function of consumers travel abilities and their selection of travel products that they choose to buy. The travel industry is structured into different forms including; inbound and outbound which refer to offering services to clients from other regions as well as serving clients from the same regions. Short haul and long haul; referring to the type of a market that a client comes from whether near or far away. Operators and resellers; referring to whether the company is moving its own products or the products of others in the market by either taking a commission or charging a mark up. Package Travel, Group Travel, and Independent Travelers; Involves selling the services in a package, this may be spread into package holidays for the group travelers, or personal travelling for certain clients who do not prefer group travel. It is further structured into travel operators which include; travel agencies, outbound tour operators, ground operators, local service providers and travel resellers and portals (Osterwalder, 2009). Tourism industry is one of the leading employment creation world-wide and is among the top-five leading industries in terms of employment creation. It provides a broad scope of support to businesses and service provision across the industry sector. In many countries in Europe and America, tourism business is mainly small to medium in size. Irrespective of size, tourism

Issues of Reliability and Validity of Data Assignment

Issues of Reliability and Validity of Data - Assignment Example One can take both types of data, primary as well as secondary, for the consumers’ demand in these countries. Both the types of data are necessary for finding out the consumer demand in a country. Primary data will provide the information which has not been collected before as it is collected as per the need of the research. Usually the process is expensive and time consuming. The secondary data provides information which has been collected by certain other orgaisations or professionals. So, it minimizes the cost as well as time. It uses the mediums like surveys, focus group, observations and experiments. To understand the consumer behavior through the analysis of secondary data, tools like purchase panels, database marketing, and neuroscience needs to be used. Qualitative as well as quantitative data are very important for analysis and ensuring the validity and reliability of the consumer behavior data. Quantitative data are more reliable and valid than the qualitative data. T he method for establishing the validity and reliability of qualitative data takes the form of expert interview, participant feedback, regression analysis, and statistical analysis. The contents, structure, criterion and consequential effect provide the required validity. The countries from where data on consumer behavior needs to be collected, in order to meet the requirements of the paper, are USA, UK, Australia, India and Poland. Each of the nations has different markets with different consumption and demand pattern.

Relegion and marraige health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relegion and marraige health - Assignment Example Two related journals will be used to further substantiate the findings. Studying this topic will help us understand the influence religion has on marriage. The findings of religion health relationship have tremendously increased over the years. It will help in making informed decisions on how religion affects marriage and how to handle this situation. The questions asked are, The relationship between marriage and religion is complex in the context of church attendance during a week. Many of researches carried out have shown a deep relation as to why some marriages are not healthy due to one party in the marriage frequenting the church a lot in a week. Contrary to that, also different results have been derived from the same hypothesis. Some marriages have grown healthier because of frequenting the church (Marks). Irrespective of the religious affiliation, the results of the studies differ a little when it comes to the health of the marriage. It has been found that married couples that attend the church many times a week together have a healthier marriage than married couples who do not frequent the church together In this paper, the z-test was used to get these results. The test was used to sample thought of over 30 people. The valuable measures are H0: P = P0 against H1: P>

Presence of Women on Social Media

Presence of Women on Social Media Women Empowerment and presence of women in Social media Women empowerment has emerged out as one of the most popular topic discussed worldwide. After the start of women’s movement, the question of emancipation of woman came to the fore. Though in India there was no such separate movement concerning distinguished rights of a woman, instead the Indian women fought for themselves under the various forms of movements for independence. We have lots of stereotypes about who is techsavvy and who is not. In India while the digital divide among rich and poor may took long run to bridge, we cannot perceive this long run answer with digital gender divide shortly disappeared. Empowerment has multiple, interrelated and interdependent dimensions- economic, social, cultural and political. It can be understood in relation to resources, perceptions, relationship and power. But what does women empowerment mean? Women empowerment generally has these components : firstly, womens sense of self worth; secondly, their right to have the power of control their own lives, both within and outside home; and lastly, their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a just social and economic order nationally, internationally and universally. Educational attainment and economic participation are the key constituents in ensuring the empowerment of women. Other than educational and economic empowerment, changes in womens mobility and social interaction and changes in intra-household decision-making are necessary. After enjoying the glory of 68 years of our independence, our country is still not independent. Corruption, terrorism, scams etc. are the reason which hinders it but abreast the discrimination against the women and all the issues related with women like rapes, inequality are some of the points which makes many people to detest their nation. Jawaharlal Nehru once said â€Å"To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, village moves, and the nation moves.† In India, today, women appear to rule the roost. India as a nation is revered in a feminine form i.e. ‘the Bharat Mata’, the first citizen of our country presently is a woman, many important government posts are occupied by women and educated women are pouring into the professional workforce with profound implications for national and multinational corporations. However, ironically, these are accompanied by news about dowry killings, female infanticide, domestic violence against women, sexual harassment, rape, illegal trafficking and prostitution and myriad others of the same ilk. Gender discrimination prevails in almost all areas, be it social, cultural, economic or educational. An effective remedy for these evils needs to be sought in order to ensure the Right to Equality guaranteed by the C onstitution of India, to the fairer sex. Gender equality facilitates the empowerment of women. Since education begins at home, the upliftment of women would be accompanied by the development of the family. Notwithstanding the mortification, there are some brave women or we can say that time have changed a bit that today many women are aware about their rights and the powers they enjoy. Many women even retaliate after getting once attacked. Today women have all the rights as enshrined in our Constitution and they are even enjoying it leaving the particular strata of the society. It seems that ‘Social media’ is one such tool which is widely used by the women. Writing blogs, facebook, twitter, Mails etc. are some of the sites which act as the platform for the women to communicate their any new idea, or their morose life. As it is said â€Å"Drastic times call for drastic measures†, women has taken actions for their sake. Women writing on blogs, make pages on facebook, twitters, all these are the means of communicating to the larger audience. For instance, the ‘Nirbhaya’ rape case of 2012 which left the country in tears specially the women. We all know what people did for that brave girl, did candle-march, strikes etc. In the similar manner, pages got created on social networking sites where many wrote their opinion. Social media is a good thing for the women as it gives the women the chance or platform to share what they feel and to fight against what is injustice according to them via making pages on facebook, twittering, writing blogs etc. A new infographic from Finances Online says that ladies are using social media more than their male counterparts. Even women creates page on social networking sites and promotes it for the betterment of their work and other women. Many activists also do the same thing. Women do campaigning also. Campaigns like ‘Clean clothes’ campaign, ‘Support breasts not dictators’, ‘whisper sanitary pads’, ‘ we are also the part of this country’ are some of the pages made by the women to spread the awareness level among the cowardice women. In September 2002, when many of todays social media hardly existed, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health launchedThe Heart Truth- the first federally-sponsored national campaign aimed at increasing awareness among women about their risk of heart disease. From the beginning, the campaign used a multi-faceted approach based on social marketing principles, including a n extensive formative research phase which informed the campaign planning and development. With the creation of The Red Dress ® as the national symbol for women and heart disease awareness, the campaign integrated a branding strategy into its traditional social marketing approach. The aim was to develop a womens heart disease brand that would have a strong emotional appeal to women, and promote it through a wide variety of means, including the Internet marketing techniques that were current at that time. There is a lot of easy money in this line. Savvy global corporations knows where their women are online, may be women have tremendous amount of purchasing power, usually holding responsibility for the majority of household purchases. It is estimated that 85% of household purchases rate 4 out of 5 is done by women itself. This is probably women get online and lot of partnership deals is established and processes are speeded up. Indian women are majority liar of 35 – 44 years old women on the race of purchase power capacity to get online shopping. Online ads pop ups and different setting look on the purchasing sets of equal segmentation on demographical profile based equaled on 8NS’s – Social Networking Services – Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp etc. mobile trend – one of the major vast tool for social media enhancement. According to nielson, 43% of websites that women visit on their Smartphones are social websites. For Indian men, it’s about 1/3 (32%) twice as much time per day using apps on their Smartphones as compared to men. Today scenario – whatsapp is vastly proving to be the killer app for huge sets of Indian community. Also Indian women are driving that growth. There are currently 20 million Indian users of the service and women use the whatsapp messenger three times more often than man. Why is this propellant? Social media offers the unprecedented possibility of amplifying voices that were simply not heard in past. Women, who have not had opportunity to shape turn own image in media , now emerging new set of innovative creation that now she plays a huge role in dismantling and reinvogarating a media culture that will more accurately reflects people’s deserves interest and fear. Indian are really social in social connectivity network on social networking services. Facebook, google+, twitter and linkedln are flourishing in India , where 25 % of all time online is spent on social networks. Last year, linkedin celebrated living 20 million Indian to their services, making Indians the second largest member base. There is no question that social media will play a huge role in reshaping the global village landscape as audience member (women) continue to flex their social media muscles, and influence over the media they consume, share, remix and create a new image make platform for itself. In India the percentage of women online has been depressingly low in 2010, they only accounted for 22 % of Indian websurfers. But as of December 2013 it has been increased to 77 % than is 39 % increment. Women today carry so many duties, multitask, pursue all kind of careers, participate in adventure sports, climb mountains, and single-handedly raise kids! She is truly gifted and a blessing to mankind. But there is one field where women generally lag behind and that is in the field of technology. Even educated, career girls shy away from technology, saying that they do not understand these gadgets, leave it to my husband to fix things up. Sometimes girls do not understand how to set security options† Or, worse still, â€Å"I don’t know how to monitor kids online. I’m technically challenged, never went online and trust my kids to behave themselves online.† This behaviour has to stop immediately. Woman, are the perfect housewife, the perfect colleague, the perfect Mother and the perfect companion; so you just need to extend that role to become savvy about social media. You need to be aware of the benefits as well as the risks. It is for your own safety and by extension, the safety of your family. If you have to fight online violence, you need to know the dangers, how to avoid them and what to do if you are ever faced with one. Through one-on-one and group coaching programs and workshops, women entrepreneurs should be helped to maximize their activities and presence on social media platforms which yields visibility, credibility, and profitability for their business. Globally, women out numbers men on social media platforms, and they spend a lot more time there, connecting with likeminded, consumer citizens fans and activists. Therefore no doubt, Social media has become the common denominator of promoting opinions, ideas, strategies, campaigns and so on most especially for the hapless women. It has become a colossal force, eliminating any barrier that hinders contact between humans. It has become the bread and butter of any social movement; be it a campaign against bullying, a revolt against corruption or an attempt to spread awareness. Social media has lent a helping hand whose worth, literally, is inexpressible and the day is not so far when women will touch the pinnacle in which social media would play a very important role.

Essay --

Arguments advanced by those rooting for stricter gun control laws of cite the increased incidences of mortality and injury that is associated with guns. There is a general consensus that violence propagated using guns has a serious effect on public health and the economy. In the US, approximately 32,300 people die and about 69,000 injuries occur on yearly basis as a direct consequence of guns. This hurts the US economy by an estimated 100 billion dollars. The society is deeply divided on whether more gun control policies would b better placed to prevent the rampant loss of lives, and unnecessary injuries. According to experts, the rate of gun violence in the United States is much higher compared to other rich nations. An analysis conducted in 2005 showed that the lower life expectancy exhibited by the United States in comparison to other wealth countries, can directly be attributed to gun violence. The debate to control guns has received strong criticism from people who question the relationship between guns and violence, and if gun control would effectively put an end to gun violen...

Ethical Conduct in Psychology Essay

Professional ethics is associated with doing what is right, both morally and legally. Although many professions are associated with a code of ethics, it is more relevant in the field of psychology. In psychology, this requires the practitioner to conduct himself or herself in accordance to several laid down moral principles. These principles attempt to promote honesty in teaching and practice of psychological science, and in executing their social responsibilities. The contribution of psychologists to the society is generally based on trust. The public trusts psychologists to use their scientific knowledge and services for the development of individuals and the society. The legal system trusts psychologists to offer specialized subject testimony without undue bias or favor. Client’s trusts psychologists to maintain confidentiality. However; the public trust in psychology to deliver is eroded when psychologists violate confidentiality or practice in areas outside their training and competency, or when they publish false results. When the conduct of a psychologist can be interpreted as a breach of ethics, the matter can be brought to the person’s attention through an informal resolution. When an informal resolution seems inappropriate, the ethical violation may be reported to committees on professional ethics. The role of ethics is more stressed in mental health and psychology, much more than in most other fields. This is mainly because the diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases is different from physical illnesses. The direct influence of the mental health professional or the psychologist in producing a desired treatment outcome independently, is considerably limited and much depends on the patient’s ability to cooperate with the treatment. As mental diseases are understood by the observation of behavioral pattern of Ethical Conduct in Psychology 4 an individual, technological intervention cannot aid these professionals, like that in physical health care, where blood tests and other sophisticated scan systems and analysis conclusively pin point the diseases which are then appropriately followed up for treatment. Specialists in other areas of medicine have benefited from the development in biological sciences, where disease progress mechanisms have been more detailed and specific. Mental health professionals including psychologists do not presently benefit from laboratory testing to confirm the presence or absence of psychopathology. This is mainly because, the underlying processes associated with mental disorders in still unknown. Mental health professionals cannot benefit by prescribing tests for genetic defects or brain lesions, for evaluating a mental disorder. Clinical psychologists depend on the observations of an individual’s behavior, personal experience and history to make diagnosis and treatment decisions. This intrusion into the life of a client, gives the psychologist immense data on the individual, which is intended to be used to improve the life of the client. Thus the methods used to seek data, the interpretation of the data, the susceptibility of the client as a result of revealing, the validity of the interpretation and conclusions reached, are all of immense importance to the client. The misuse or abuse of the client data can have serious consequences. Therefore, the treatment by psychologists is associated with safeguarding the information of the client, while using it beneficially for the client. There are situations when this confidentiality should be breached too. There are several ways in which the psychologists can interpret and use this data. The psychology practice thus throws up several situations for pondering; to think and decide, to separate the right from wrong. Thus psychology is involved with dilemmas and ethics. Ethical Conduct in Psychology 5 To ensure that psychologists stand up to the responsibilities and expectations associated with them, the American Psychologists Association (APA) has formulated its own ethics; the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. This APA Ethics Code provides guidelines to both, general ethical conduct and specific situational conduct. The code helps psychologists to face ethical problems and dilemmas. However, in the course of the practice of psychology, psychologists often come across complex ethical situations, for which reliance to APA ethics code alone, do not show the right way. Sometimes an ethical dilemma can have several solutions compatible with all ethics; however the most appropriate solution is selected by critical thinking. Sometimes by following one particular standard, psychologists may breach another standard. When making decisions associated with their profession, psychologists must consider all applicable laws and regulations of the psychology board, in addition to the Ethics Code. Psychologists can also look to guidelines that have been endorsed by other scientific or psychological communities, apart from their own conscience. When the ethical conduct is in confrontation with the law or regulations, then the psychologists must show their commitment to the laws, while taking steps to resolve the conflict, responsibly. Fischer suggested an eight-step model for decision making, based on critical thinking; which meets ethical standards for testing and assessments (Fischer, 2003).

There Is No Frigate Like a Book Essay Example

There Is No Frigate Like a Book Essay Example There Is No Frigate Like a Book Essay There Is No Frigate Like a Book Essay In the poem â€Å"There is no Frigate like a Book†, Emily Dickinson uses words with particular connotations to give her poem a more rich and meaningful aspect. Her belief that literature is powerful enough to allow one’s mind to distance itself from reality and its immediate surroundings is enforced in the poem throughout her use of words like â€Å"frigate† â€Å"traverse† which connate a sense of journey or adventure. Dickinson compares books to means of transportation to emphasize this idea of the power of imagination. â€Å"There is no Frigate like a Book; To take us Lands away† Here the word â€Å"frigate† though its literal meaning is a warship, is used to connote a sense of adventure and exploration while â€Å"land† gives off an intriguing idea of exotic and unknown. By selecting these words and comparing them to books Dickinson expresses how powerful literature is over one’s mind for it to can take us to distant places. The poem follows by expressing the spirituality and joyfulness that can be found in literature â€Å"Nor any Coursers like a Page; Of prancing poetry† Dickinson substitutes â€Å"coursers† for horses in this passage to conveys a stronger emphasize of majestic, beautiful and elegant also describing poetry as â€Å"prancing† thus giving it a sense of spiritual, harmony and energetic. The connotations implied by these words and their comparison to poetry in this line help imply the beauty that Dickinson beliefs to find in literature In the following line Dickinson reminds us how books are able to touch anyone no matter from what stratus they come from. â€Å"This Traverse may the oppress may the poorest take; Without oppress of Toll† Here â€Å"traverse† which literal term means to travel through is used to express a sense of danger and mystery, while â€Å"oppress† connotes a sense of a powerlessness, something that holds us back or keeps us down and â€Å"toll† suggest a meaning of a limit or burden that one must suffer through. The words in this passage work together to give the idea off the idea of the troubles that goes with traveling by comparing it to books, Dickinson is able to show how literature can do take us away without any of these burdens. In the last lines Dickinson again reinstates her idea how powerful books are, in that they can take us away. â€Å"How Frugal is the Chariot; That bears the Human soul. † By comparing books to a chariot she gives books a more magical, romanticizes tone for â€Å"chariot† connotes a sense of fantasy and fairytale, Dickinson uses â€Å"frugal† to describe the how economical book are while implying a aspect of moral goodness to them. Her use of â€Å"bear† in this passage also suggests the importance of the human soul for bearing something connotes an idea of carrying something with great significance or meaning this works with the final word â€Å"soul† for soul connotes an idea of beauty and one’s whole self by using soul instead of mind Dickinson emphasizes how literature is able to take its readers and transport them not just mentally but also emotionally and spiritually into a completely different world. Dickinson uses connotation powerfully in her poem to give it a more elegant and magical feel to it, by carefully selecting her words Dickinson’s focuses more on their connotations than their denotations to give the poem the sense of power and adventure she wants to express about literature.

Free Essays on The Dead

The word  ¡Ã‚ ®deadhead ¡Ã‚ ¯ was made famous by the group of people that followed the music of the Grateful Dead around the country. The term actually entered the United States in the 1850 ¡Ã‚ ¯s and means, a person using a free ticket to get into a show, ride a train, etc. The deadhead subculture was an offspring of the music of the Grateful Dead, that started in the mid to late sixties. This subculture is not unlike any other subculture in the United States in that there is a common bond between the members of the group, they feel a collective identity and they have there own set of norms and values. The deadhead phenomenon is a hard group to study simply because people did not begin to look at the group empirically until the mid to late eighties, so the subculture had already been in effect for nearly twenty years. It is hard to get a clear number in the amount of deadheads there actually are simply because they are all over the country and not every deadhead goes to every Grateful Dead concert and even if they did there would not be nearly enough seats in any concert venue to hold the amount of deadheads there actually are. The Grateful Dead organization distributes information to about 290,000 deadheads, but it is thought that there is more than that. In 1998 half of the deadheads that were in attendance during the Other Ones concerts, a band consisting of the remaining members of the Grateful Dead plus three more members, said that they do not receive any information from the Grateful Dead organization. So this tells us that there could be over half a million deadheads i n the country today. (Adams 2000) These numbers tell us that this group is large enough to be considered a subculture in the United States today. The people that reside within the deadhead subculture range from many different ages, families, economic backgrounds, and have a wide Varity of educational backgrounds. The age distribution of the deadhead range... Free Essays on THE DEAD Free Essays on THE DEAD The word  ¡Ã‚ ®deadhead ¡Ã‚ ¯ was made famous by the group of people that followed the music of the Grateful Dead around the country. The term actually entered the United States in the 1850 ¡Ã‚ ¯s and means, a person using a free ticket to get into a show, ride a train, etc. The deadhead subculture was an offspring of the music of the Grateful Dead, that started in the mid to late sixties. This subculture is not unlike any other subculture in the United States in that there is a common bond between the members of the group, they feel a collective identity and they have there own set of norms and values. The deadhead phenomenon is a hard group to study simply because people did not begin to look at the group empirically until the mid to late eighties, so the subculture had already been in effect for nearly twenty years. It is hard to get a clear number in the amount of deadheads there actually are simply because they are all over the country and not every deadhead goes to every Grateful Dead concert and even if they did there would not be nearly enough seats in any concert venue to hold the amount of deadheads there actually are. The Grateful Dead organization distributes information to about 290,000 deadheads, but it is thought that there is more than that. In 1998 half of the deadheads that were in attendance during the Other Ones concerts, a band consisting of the remaining members of the Grateful Dead plus three more members, said that they do not receive any information from the Grateful Dead organization. So this tells us that there could be over half a million deadheads i n the country today. (Adams 2000) These numbers tell us that this group is large enough to be considered a subculture in the United States today. The people that reside within the deadhead subculture range from many different ages, families, economic backgrounds, and have a wide Varity of educational backgrounds. The age distribution of the deadhead range... Free Essays on The Dead â€Å"The Dead† by James Joyce is a short story of a New Year’s Eve party held by two sisters, Miss Kate and Miss Julia. Friends and Family attend the party. They have dinner and dance and sing and share memories with each other. Some memories bringing out the good emotions in people, and others bring out the bad. All things that are emotionally attached to memories don’t always bring back pleasant memories. If someone was involved in a red car hit a car accident and him or her. Every red car that person saw could bring back painful memories. Or if it was raining when the accident happened then every time it rained it could bring back unpleasant memories. People attach things to memories to help them remember even if those memories are painful. Shortly after that Miss Kate started to speak of a singer whom she thought had the greatest voice she had ever heard. â€Å"His name, said Aunt Kate, â€Å"was Parkinson. I heard him when he was his prime and I think he had the purest tenor voice that was ever put into a man’s throat.† (136) Miss Kate attached when she heard his voice and what emotions his voice made her feel with her opinion on â€Å"Parkinson’s† voice. When Miss Kate thought of the tenors voice it brought back pleasant memories because it reminded her of how she felt when she heard it. Through experiences people make memories. People attach things to those memories emotionally that lets them remember how pleasant or painful those memories where. Some people attach such things as songs, sounds, pictures, sights or even the weather to memories. If someone was to fall in love while being at the beach then the sound of the waves crashing against the sand could bring back pleasant memories. If a couple was voted king and queen of there senior prom then the song that they danced to would bring back pleasant memories. Gretta seemed to be troubled by something and when Gabriel asked her what she was thinking abo... Free Essays on The Dead October 8, 2002 An Awakening in â€Å"The Dead† by James Joyce Through a sequence of events that take place one evening, Gabriel Conroy, the protagonist in James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead†, is transformed from a man on the verge of suffocation, due to his self inflicted ignorance, to a man awakened by the realization of his own mortality. As Rapp states â€Å"throughout most of the story it is clear that Gabriel is trapped in his own self-consciousness [†¦]† (1). Gabriel and Gretta attend a Christmas dinner given by his wealthy aunts. Gabriel arrives wearing his snow covered galoshes. The symbolism of the snow in â€Å"The Dead† differs from one critic to another. â€Å"To some it is seen as the symbol of death. Others see the snow as symbolizing Gabriel’s escape from his own ego to a vision of all humanity [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦]† (Billigheimer 473). After all the guest’s have had their dinner, Gabriel gives a speech to honor the accomplishments of his deceased family members. While the guests are enjoying themselves, Gabriel is looking out the window, wanting to be back in the refreshing snow. It is ironic that Gabriel is struggling with feelings of paralysis over his mortality when the name Gabriel, of Hebrew origin, means â€Å"God is my strength.† â€Å"In ‘The Dead’ Joyce examines an issue common among twentieth-century writers: the need to live with an awareness of one’s own death [†¦.]† (Rapp 4). For the first time, Gabriel is starting to look at his life. As the party is coming to an end, Mr. D’Arcy is singing â€Å"The Lass of Aughrim.† Gabriel sees a woman standing in the darkness at the top of the stairs. Billigheimer writes, â€Å"from the moment Gretta hears the song, she becomes an object of grace, beauty, and mystery to Gabriel.† (476). Gabriel is unaware of the transition that has taken place inside Gretta. Finney asks, â€Å"How long does it take Gabriel to recognize that the woman on the stairs is Gretta?ï ¿ ½...

Business innovating Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business innovating - Coursework Example ry passage point is referred to as a single locus that is able to shape and mobilize the local network and develop control over all transactions between the local and the global networks in market innovation context. Local network is the relationship between various agents in market setting in which optimization of gains is the central focus within the local market while global is the international perspective of the business innovation diffusion in regard to Actor-Network theory. Intermediaries can be defined as entities which make no difference and so can be ignored as they merely transport the force of some other entity more or less without transformation and so are fairly uninteresting. On the other hand, mediators are entities that multiply difference and so should be the object of study as their outputs cannot be predicted by their inputs. The two concepts are derived from actor-network theory. A typical example is silk and nylon and how they are defined in different societal

Define the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity for the Christian Research Paper

Define the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity for the Christian faith. Analyze the history and development of that doctr - Research Paper Example Basically Christian understanding concerning the Trinity starts from the two elements, namely His essense and His acts, which are the way of functioning of the three Persons in the Trinity. Human beings thus far haven't been able to have a frame of reference in order to explain the Mystery of Trinity and can never do that also. But only thing we can know is Logic cannot transcend divinity. If man's knowledge is like a drop of water, then the knowledge of God would be like an ocean which transcends all limits. Thus we don't have the eligibility, neither have we the capability to comprehend His mystery. His true entity no one can ever understand. Gregory of Nazianzen expresses God as, â€Å"One God, One in diversity, diverse in Unity, wherein is a marvel† (Second Theological Oration par. 1). We believe in His essence because we experience his energies. Rational bases even if are good, not always vital for stability of our faith. Still we have Scriptural resources, and historic t heological literatures which definitely help us to grasp enough about the mystery of the Triune God. Only whatever is necessary for our finite understanding is revealed by God. In this paper, the writer would try to analyse how important the doctrine of Trinity is for the Christians, further looking through the historical development of the doctrine and the firmness of the doctrine in the minds of the Christians. IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY: As we said at the outset, Christian faith balances upon the reality of God, His Triune existence. The doctrine elaborates the reality of God and explains the mysteries. It reveals God's personality. It says that God is not simply a supernatural entity but He is a person with a personality. It brings into light the function of the Godhead in three streams- The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit, explaining their acts in history of humanity and the sole focus to redeem humanity from the clutches of sin and death. The Father, the fi rst Person in the Godhead is the sender of the Son who came down to earth, sacrificing all the glory of the Heaven, to offer Himself as a vicarious sacrifice for the sins of the entire humanity. The Father reveals the grandeur of His love for humanity through His Son. The Son is the second Person in the Godhead Who alone was qualified to do the task. He finished His work of bringing redemption for man by defeating death and overpowering the effect of sin. Moreover He became an ideal for being obedient, which was the very mistake of Man that brought sin into the world. Holy Spirit is the third Person in the Godhead Who is the transformer of human heart by the planting of Christ into his/her life through penitence, making him/her return from sin. He guides a person in the spiritual journey in this life making the person more like Christ every day. Without the Holy Spirit, the redemption offered by Christ cannot be experienced fully. â€Å"Redemption, therefore, in historic Christiani ty is initiated by the Father (Galatians 4:4), accomplished through the Son (1 Peter 3:18), and is applied by the Holy Spirit (Titus 3:5)† (Samples par.3). Thus the whole process of redemption which is the core of God's mission in this world is not feasible without the Trinity i.e. Father, Son and the Holy Spirit all together. Trinitarian concept of God also solves another problem. According to St. Augustine, only the God Who is united in His plural nature can be loving. Unless God is plural in Himself and is solitary, then the

Leadership in project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in project management - Essay Example A view holds that leaders are people oriented and their main task is to inspire people. Their primary functional output is a change(Veal,2004) and their capabilities are assessed in terms of controlling the process of this change. That is to mould and control change to suit project's objectives. Whereas managers are task and process oriented and their main task is to organize such tasks and processes. Management's main output is task done in target time at target cost. In plain language Management is assigned the task of producing and maintaining a degree of predictability & order(Veal,2004). Leadership on the other hand assumes the function of producing change under a constantly updated schemata of direction and vision. Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader's agenda. Subsequent to identification of role of leadership in project management it is clear that leadership physically comprises of an individual or set of individuals acting on common concert and vision. A set of qualities are generally stated in support of good leadership. Such qualities helps in execution of the agenda of leadership as defined above. These qualities are stated below corresponding to their importance in an information system project: (a) A project leader must have the capability to nurture and develop a vision and a concrete sense of direction in which to lead the team on. He must make the entire team convinced of his stance of an inspired shared vision. At least he should be able to convey his vision to critical members of the project team. "Visionary leaders enable people to feel they have a real stake in the project. They empower people to experience the vision on their own(Barry,Top). Bennis explains about the leaders that "They offer people opportunities to create their own vision, to explore what the vision will mean to their jobs and lives, and to envision their future as part of the vision for the organization," (Bennis, 1997). (b) A project leader is expected to have high level of problem solving skills(Barry,Top). He may share problem-solving responsibilities with the team .As Kouzes says that a leader must have a "fresh, creative response to here-and-now opportunities," and not much concern with how others have performed them. (Kouzes,1987).Thus he would be capable of giving new solutions to complicated problems and lead in dead ends. (c) A project leader must exercise a lot of empathy. There is vast amount of difference between empathy and sympathy(Barry,Top). Although the words rhyme, they, in fact have widely different meanings. According to Norman Paul, in sympathy the subject is principally absorbed in his or her own feelings as they are projected into the object and has little concern for the reality

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Example for Free

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Enzyme catalysis was observed in order to analyze how changes in temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration affected an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This experiment analyzed the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and observed the correlation between catalase activity and products formed. It was found out that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction starts off rapidly, decreases, and levels off or completely stops, and can be further affected by environmental factors, which play a crucial role in regulating enzymes and metabolic processes. Based on this experiment and the data collected one is able to conclude that the optimal environment in which this specific catalase is able to function is around 40 °C and in a pH around 7. This type of environment allows the enzyme to function at its fullest potential and produce the maximum amount of product allotted by the implemented amount of substrate present without the hindrance of environmental factors. Introduction Background: Enzymes, most of which are proteins, have two interrelated roles. One is to act as catalysts and accelerate spontaneous biochemical reactions so they occur with sufficient rates at moderate temperatures. The other is to determine which spontaneous biochemical reactions will be accelerated out of many more possibilities present in the cell. Balance between all the reactions in metabolism is achieved in several ways, by fluctuations in substrate concentrations, by local differences in pH, by changes in enzyme concentration, and by changes in enzyme activation Purpose: Enzyme activity is influenced by many factors; both temperature and pH at which enzymes functions are extremely important. Most organisms have a preferred temperature and pH range in which they survive, and their enzymes usually function best within very narrow temperature and pH ranges. If the environment of the enzyme is too acidic, basic, or hot, the activity of the enzyme may be altered due to a change in the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme. Denaturation, the unraveling or structural changes of an enzyme, may be temporary or permanent depending on the degree of the environmental change. In either case, a denatured enzyme no longer has the shape necessary to interact with the substrate effectively to lower the activation energy. Hypotheses: 1. The hypothesis is as the temperature increases, above 40 ° C, the activity of the enzyme catalyst will increase. 2. The hypothesis for the enzyme activity with the effect of the pH is if the pH is not at the optimum pH value there will be a complete loss of enzyme activity. 3. The hypothesis is as the change in enzyme concentration increases the activity rate of the enzyme will increase if there is a proportional amount of enzyme concentration and substrate. 4. The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant. Materials: Materials can be found on page 65 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Procedures are found on pages 65 to 68 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Discussion A. In table 5.1, the data that was collected was calibrating the colorimeter. The results should have been 0.000 or 0.001 no matter how long the machine was ran for. B. In table and graph 5.2, the data collected was in a time frame of 0-5minuites and was recorded every 30 seconds. In the cuvette was distilled water and substrate mix. The data collected showed that the longer the experiment ran for the higher the absorbency rate. C. In table and graph 5.4, the data that was collected was for three different amounts of enzymes:  ½x enzyme, 1x enzyme, and 2x enzyme. The hypothesis for this experiment was the more enzyme the faster the absorbance. With the results from the test the hypothesis is true. The 1/2x enzyme was absorbed less and a lot slower then the 2x enzyme. D. In table and graph 5.6, the data collected was the effect of the amount of substrate effects on the absorbency. The data was collected every 6 seconds for 60 seconds. With  ½x substrate the absorbance was the slowest. At 1x substrate the absorbance was the fast, and at 2x substrate the absorbance was in the middle. E. In table and graph 5.8, the data collected was to see how the effects of temperature played an effect on the absorbency. Ice water (4 °c) the absorbance rate was very slow. Room temperature (22 °c) was the normal rate of absorbance. Body temperature (37 °c) had the highest absorbance rate, and boiling water (100 °c) the protein was denatured giving no results. F. In table and graph 5.10, the data collected was to see how the effect of pH affects the absorbance. With the pH2 no reaction happened because pH2 is not a good match, pH7 had the highest absorbance. Ph10 was denatured, pH5 was absorbed but slowly and, pH8 was also absorbed but was absorbed the slowest. G. In table and graph 5.12 we added an inhibitor to see what the effects would be. With the inhibitor added the absorbance rate slow but did increase. Literature Cited Vital Health, Inc. Introduces a Digestive Enzyme for Children, MyZymes. SFGate. N.p., 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. http://www.sfgate.com/business/prweb/article/Vital-Health-Inc-Introduces-a-Digestive-Enzyme-3973438.php. Kilbourne, Jennifer, and Laurie Montgomery. Laboratory Investigations for Bio 1110. Second ed. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 2011. Print. Relevance Digestive Enzyme for Children Vital Health Inc. has introduced a new vitamin called MyZymes, a chewable digestive enzyme for children. This helps the body gain nutrients from food and plays an essential role in facilitating absorption. They are a highly effective digestive enzyme product because it contains a higher activity level of protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose and also includes six other enzymes. The higher activity levels assists in digesting more proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber. Enzymes are one of the most essential elements in our body. Enzymes are energized protein molecules found in all living cells. They catalyze and regulate all biochemical reactions that occur within our body. Enzymes also play a part in digestion. They break down proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber making it possible to utilize the nutrients found in those foods while removing the toxins. Digestive enzyme supplements help you digest your meals more efficiently and deliver the nutrients from your food to your body. The supplemental digestive enzymes will break down food, thus saving the body from having to release as many of its own enzymes. This allows the body to devote its attention to supplying more metabolic enzymes so the organs and tissues can carry on their daily work. Enzyme supplements are clinically proven to reduce the effects of bloating, gas, occasional heartburn and occasional acid reflux.

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder Introduction Respiratory disorders are the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality among children of all ages. The presentation may vary from trivial to life threatening symptoms. While a carefully conducted history and physical examination are vital for a correct diagnosis, various laboratory and radiological investigations aid in finally clinching the diagnosis. This chapter focuses on clinical assessment of the respiratory system in children. There is much overlap between the respiratory examination and that of other systems, and it is assumed that the reader has mastered basic physical examination skills. History The evaluation of a child with respiratory disorder should start with the history of present illness, significant past history, family history as well as antenatal and birth histories. The parent should be asked the chief complaint that prompted the consultation, along with the circumstances at onset, frequency, duration, and severity. History of prior treatment should be obtained. History of past illness will include all previous respiratory and other complaints. These include history of recurrent pneumonia (suggesting immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality, or bronchiectasis) known allergy and malnutrition. The family/ environmental history will provide information about history of contact or that suggestive of asthma in relatives, nutritional and financial status of the family, and history of exposure to allergens. Following are important clinical pointers in the history: Recurrent pneumonia: points towards immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality (gastroesophageal reflux), dysfunctional swallowing, or bronchiectasis. The child with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula repair is prone to tracheomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux–related disease. Atopy: eczema, atopic dermatitis, hay fever, or known allergies, may be important in the child with chronic cough or recalcitrant asthma. Failure to thrive, frequent infections, blood product transfusion, parental substance abuse, or poor growth may be a clue to an underlying immunodeficiency. History of contact with a case of tuberculosis Environmental history: exposure to dust due to construction in the house/neighbourhood, presence of pet animals or birds, exposure to smoke, either from tobacco use or use of wood for heating, cooking, or both. Associated complaints: Headache may be a sign of sinus disease or, especially if occurring in the early morning, a result of obstructive sleep apnea. Ocular symptoms such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis, as well as nasal symptoms, may indicate an atopic predisposition or in the young infant a chlamydial infection. Recurrent mouth ulcers or thrush can be associated with immunodeficiency, as may chronic or recurrent ear drainage. Poor feeding, edema, shortness of breath, and exercise tolerance can be clues to the presence of congestive heart failure. Stool characteristics, abdominal bloating, and fatty food intolerance are important features of cystic fibrosis. Neurologic symptoms such as seizures or developmental delay are important in evaluating the child with apparent life-threatening events or suspected chronic or recurrent aspiration. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A thorough general physical examination is extremely important in the approach to a child with respiratory disorder. Recording the anthropometry is as important as are the presence of cyanosis, pallor and clubbing. Use of accessory muscles of respiration may indicate severity of respiratory distress and intercostal recession may point towards airway obstruction and a non-compliant lung. Supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes should form part of the exanination routinely. Upper Airway An examination of the upper airway will indicate presence of nasal foreign body or infection, tonsillar enlargement, or narrowing of the glottis. The position of the trachea should be noted during examination of the neck. Deviation to one side may be seen with pneumothorax, neck mass, unilateral pulmonary agenesis or hypoplasia, or unilateral hyperinflation (as seen with foreign body or congenital cystic lung disorders). Chest Inspection Inspection forms the first component of chest examination. Presence or absence of any deformity should be noted, as should the general shape of the chest. A barrel chest (increased anteroposterior dimension) denotes obstructive lung disease. The severity of this deformity shows increased lung volumes (functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity, functional residual capacity/total lung capacity ratio, and residual volume/total lung capacity ratio) and is associated with radiographic findings of hyperinflation in children with poorly controlled asthma. Pectus carinatum (â€Å"pigeon breast†) or pectus excavatum (â€Å"funnel chest†) may be seen in patients who have chronically increased work of breathing, as in pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or poorly controlled asthma. The respiratory rate, preferably noted with the child at rest or asleep, is a very important indicator of pulmonary illness (though fever and metabolic acidosis can have an inc reased respiratory rate in the absence of pulmonary disease). Nasal flaring to reduce nasal resistance to airflow and the use of accessory muscles of respiration such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles indicates respiratory distress as do retractions or indrawing of the skin of the neck and chest. Respiratory distress may also be seen in children with neuromuscular disorders. An objective way of assessing the degree of dyspnea is asking the child to count and noting the highest number reached in a single breath. The respiratory pattern and depth may also point towards a particular pathology. Shallow and rapid respiration is seen in children with restrictive lung disease. Similarly, rapid and deep respiration (hyperpnea), can be seen in children with hypoxia and metabolic acidosis while alkalosis results in slow, shallow breaths. Hyperpnea alternating with apnea (Biots respiration) is associated with central nervous lesions involving the respiratory centers. Cheyne-Stokes respirations seen in comatose patients is marked by gradually increasing and decreasing respirations. Likewise, the relative length of the respiratory phases (the inspiratory/expiratory ratio) is important. As the inspiratory and expiratory phases are roughly equal, a prolonged expiration may indicate obstructive diseases such as bronchiolitis, acute exacerbations of asthma, and cystic fibrosis. While some abdominal breathing, is normal up to 6 or 7 years of age, conspicuous respirations of this type in a child, however, generally reflect a pulmonary abnormality such as pneumonia, or respiratory muscle weakness. Palpation: Although more generally thought of in terms of the abdominal examination, palpation is important in the respiratory examination as well. It is used to confirm the visual observations of chest wall shape and excursion. Palpation is performed by placing the entire hand on the chest and feeling with the palm and fingertips. Friction rubs may be felt as high-frequency vibrations in synchrony with the respiratory pattern. Tactile fremitus, the transmission of vibrations associated with vocalization, is at times difficult to assess in children because of a lack of cooperation and a higher-pitched voice; lower-pitched vocalization is more effectively transmitted. It is best felt with the palmar aspects of the metacarpal and phalangeal joints on the costal interspaces. Decreased fremitus suggests airway obstruction, pleural fluid, or pleural thickening, whereas increased fremitus is associated with parenchymal consolidation. Occasionally a â€Å"thud† can be felt high in the chest or in the neck, a finding suggestive of a free tracheal foreign body. One can also assess chest excursion by placing the hands with the fingertips anterior and thumbs posterior and noting the degree of chest wall movement, comparing excursion of one side with the other by noting the movement of the thumbs away from the midline (the spinous processes). The point of maximal impulse, frequently shifted to the left in cardiac disease, may be shifted inferiorly and to the right in severe asthma, a large left-sided pleural effusion, or a tension pneumothorax. With massive left-sided atelectasis, it may be shifted to the left. Percussion: Percussion should be performed with the child upright with the head in neutral position, and using the indirect method (a single finger from one hand strikes on a finger of the other hand placed on an interspace). A gentle force should be used so as to avoid causing injury, especially in a young child). Sounds commonly elicited by percussion of the chest are as follows: Tympany : Normally heard with percussion of the abdomen, is seen in the chest with a massive pneumothorax. Resonance: This is the normal state in the chest; it is sometimes called vesicular resonance. Hyperresonance: Accentuation of the normal percussion is seen with states of hyperinflation like emphysema, asthma, or free intrapleural air. Coin test: A resonant metallic sound heard with a stethoscope when tapping a coin that is held flat against the chest with another coin; it indicates a pneumothorax. Dullness: A flat, thud-like sound, this sound is associated with pleural fluid or parenchymal consolidation. Flatness: This sound can be mimicked by percussing over muscle; its presence in the chest suggests massive pleural effusion. Auscultation: Auscultation of the chest should be performed with the age appropriate stethoscope (with chest pieces for premature infants, infants, children, and adolescents/adults). The diaphragm of the chest piece (pressed tightly against the skin) is used to filter out low-pitched sounds, thereby isolating high-pitched sound, and the bell (held lightly on the chest) is used preferentially to isolate low-pitched sounds. The upper lobes are best heard by listening anteriorly in the infraclavicular regions, the lower lobes by listening posteriorly below the scapulae, and the right middle lobe and lingula by listening anteriorly lateral to the lower third of the sternum. All lobes can be heard in the axillae. It is also important to specify the timing (continuous, early, or late), pitch (high, medium, or low), and character (fine, medium, or coarse) of sounds. These sounds can be divided into breath sounds (produced by the movement of gas through the airways), voice sounds (modifi cations of phonation not heard distinctly in the normal state), and adventitious sounds (neither breath or voice sounds). Breath Sounds Vesicular breath sounds are the sounds heard during respiration in a healthy individual. They are low-pitched, with a relatively longer inspiratory phase and a shorter expiratory phase and are louder on inspiration. These sounds emanate from the lobar and segmental airways and are then transmitted through normal parenchyma. Bronchial breath sounds are usually louder than vesicular sounds and have short inspiratory and long expiratory phases. They are higher pitched and louder during expiration. They may be the result of consolidation or compression (i.e., airlessness) of the underlying parenchyma. A similar sound can be heard by listening directly over the trachea. Bronchovesicular breath sounds, as the name implies, are intermediate between vesicular and bronchial sounds. The respiratory phases are roughly equal in length. This sound is felt to be indicative of a lesser degree of consolidation or compression (airlessness) than bronchial sounds. Bronchovesicular (and sometimes bronchial) breath sounds can occasionally be heard in normal individuals in the auscultatory triangle (the area in the back bound by the lower border of the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the rhomboideus major muscles) and the right upper lobe. Wheezes are continuous musical sounds, more commonly expiratory in nature, and usually associated with short inspiratory and prolonged expiratory phases. They can be of single (monophonic) or multiple (polyphonic) pitches, which are higher pitched than vesicular sounds. These can often be very difficult to distinguish from snoring and upper airway sounds such as stridor. Stridor is a musical, monophonic, often high-pitched sound, usually thought of as inspiratory in nature; it can be expiratory as well, such as when produced by partial obstruction of a central, typically extrathoracic airway. Its presence in both inspiration and expiration suggests severe, fixed airway obstruction. Voice Sounds The normal lung parenchyma filters vocalization so that whispered sounds are not usually heard during auscultation and normally spoken syllables are indistinct. Bronchophony is the distinct transmission of spoken syllables as the result of an underlying consolidation or compression. More severe consolidation or compression results in the transmission of whispered sounds or whispered pectoriloquy. Egophony is very similar to bronchophony but has a nasal quality as well. It may reflect an underlying effusion, consolidation or compression, or both conditions. Adventitious Sounds Fine crackles are thought to be the result of the explosive reopening of alveoli that closed during the previous exhalations. These occur exclusively during inspiration and are associated with conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and atelectasis. They can also be normal when heard in the posterior lung bases during the first few breaths on awakening. They may be imitated by rolling several strands of hair between the thumb and forefinger in front of the ear or by pulling apart Velcro. Hamman’s sign, also called a mediastinal crunch, is the finding of crackles associated with systole and is suggestive of pneumomediastinum. Coarse crackles are popping sounds likely produced by the movement of thin fluids in bronchi or bronchioles. They occur early in inspiration and occasionally in expiration as well, may be audible at the mouth, and may clear or change pattern after a cough. They can sometimes be heard in the anterior lung bases during exhalation to residual volume. An example of these sounds is the crackles typically heard in patients with cystic fibrosis. Rhonchi (sometimes more descriptively called large airway sounds) are gurgling or bubbling sounds usually heard during exhalation. These sounds are the result of movement of fluid within larger airways. In individuals with pleural inflammation, a pleural friction rub may be heard. This loud, grating sound may come and go over a short period of time. It is usually associated with a subpleural parenchymal inflammatory process. OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Clubbing: Clubbing is the broadening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes that occur as the result of connective tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia and increased vascularity in the distal phalanges, in response to chronic hypoxia. It can be confirmed clinically by checking for Schamroth’s sign. Causes of clubbing are as follows: Bronchiectasis Severe pneumonia, lung abscess, or empyema Interstitial lung disease (autoimmune and infectious) Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation Hepatopulmonary syndrome Pulmonary malignancy Cyanotic congenital heart disease Bacterial endocarditis Inflammatory bowel disease Thyrotoxicosis Familial Cyanosis: The use of cyanosis as a clinical indicator of hypoxemia is confounded by a number of factors such as skin pigmentation, poor lighting, the presence of nail polish, or hypothermia. Cyanosis occurs when the concentration of reduced arterial hemoglobin exceeds 3 g/dL. Clinical impression of cyanosis should be verified by arterial blood gas analysis or pulse oximetry. Pulsus paradoxus: Pulsus paradoxus (fluctuation in systolic blood pressure with respiration) may sometimes be associated with obstructive pulmonary disease. The arterial pressure falls during inspiration and rises with exhalation. It is quantified as the difference between the systolic pressures measured during inspiration and expiration. Pulsus paradoxus is useful in evaluating children with cystic fibrosis and asthma, in which a value of more than 15 mm Hg has been found to INVESTIGATION: